buy custom Understanding Gene Therapy essay

purchase custom Understanding Gene Therapy paper Presentation Qualities are the essential physical and utilitarian units that upgrade heredity. They are equipped for encoding directions that guide preparing of proteins by the body (Yashon Cummings, 2012). The prepared proteins encourage the greater part of the existence capacities and structure a superior level of the cell structures. At the point when qualities are adjusted, the encoded proteins are rendered incapable and unfit to work regularly. This is the thing that causes hereditary confusion in an individual. As per contemplates that have been led, nearly everyone unwittingly conveys some imperfect qualities (Giacca, 2010). Of late, there has been expanding thoughtfulness regarding the treatment of hereditary metabolic infections. These are infections that create because of flawed qualities that cause catalysts to be either missing or by and large incapable and wasteful. Proteins work in the human body to catalyze metabolic responses (Giacca, 2010). At the point when these chemicals are i neffectual, metabolic procedures are eased back down or simply neglect to happen. This paper tries to examine quality treatment, show instances of this treatment approach, talk about the dangers and intricacies, related with it, and diagram a portion of the moral rules that control quality treatment as a strategy for treatment of hereditary issue. Definition and Understanding of Gene Therapy Quality treatment has been created to help treat the hereditary issue that outcome from useless catalysts. Quality treatment is, in this way, a treatment approach that includes substitution of defective or missing qualities with working ones so the body can adequately process and produce right catalysts or proteins and thus have the option to manage the underlying driver of a hereditary illness (Kelly, 2007). It is a procedure that includes presentation of typical and utilitarian qualities into the cells of an individual, which convey the imperfect qualities in order to upgrade reconstitution of the missing protein item. It is a clinical treatment process that helps in the remedy of an insufficient phenotype so the typical measure of quality items is integrated by the body. The main quality treatment preliminary was performed by French Anderson and R. Michael Blaese on a multi year old young lady in 1990 (Kelly, 2007). So as to perform quality treatment, substantial cells are adjuste d by moving wanted quality successions into the genome. Nonetheless, for this to succeed, physical cells are required to guarantee that the qualities that are embedded to address the turmoil are not conveyed down to the accompanying ages. Instances of Gene Therapy Quality treatment has been applied broadly in the treatment of hereditary issue. This is on the grounds that practically all phones in the human body contain qualities. This makes hereditary treatment doable in practically all phones of the human body. Quality treatment has been acted in the cells of the body and the ovum or sperm cells. There are, subsequently, two expansive instances of quality treatment; the physical cell quality treatment and the germ line cell treatment. Physical Cell Gene Therapy Physical cell quality treatment involves presentation of qualities into body cells or tissues so as to treat a sickness in a person that has been medicinally analyzed to have hereditary affiliations or source (Wintrobe Greer, 2009). This improves articulation of an exogenous useful quality into another people physical cells. This hereditary restorative methodology is viewed as non-regenerative since substantial cells, where it is included are not conceptive cells. There is accord that this quality cell treatment is more secure than different methodologies since it just has impact on the focused on cells in the patient. The presented cells are not, along these lines, went down to the people in the future. The impacts of a substantial cell quality treatment end with the person who is dealt with. This suggests the hereditary issue that are treated through the utilization of substantial cell quality treatment don't have a course on the offspring of the patient. Physical cell quality treatment is utilized to address blunders, identifying with digestion. For instance, phenilketonuria has been treated through substantial cell quality treatment. This issue results from the bodys powerlessness to use phenylalanine. The treatment encourages end of the amino corrosive. Despite the fact that this treatment is relevant, it doesn't address every single intrinsic mistake, identified with digestion (Kelly, 2007). On account of a turmoil coming about because of strange alleles for a fundamental protein that prompts insufficient metabolic capacities, substantial cell quality treatment has been effectively applied as a treatment technique. In this treatment practice, a duplicate of quality, equipped for communicating the fundamental compound and upgrading the necessary metabolic capacity, is presented. The cloning qualities that are associated with the hereditary metabolic brokenness/issue are recognized. The typical qualities are, at that point, brought into the prover cell inside the body, particularly in the zone, where digestion is required, while controlling the declaration of the quality inside the restrictions of the remedial and safe levels (Brown, 2010). There are two sub-instances of the physical cell quality treatment; the ex vio and the in vivo. The in vivo strategy includes changing of the cells inside the body of the patient. The qualities are moved to cells inside the body of the patient. This exchange of wanted qualities inside the patients body prompted the determined name of this technique. The ex vivo physical cell quality treatment includes outside centered remedial methodology (Benigni Remuzzi, 2008). The cells of the body are changed outside the body before they are moved go into the body once more. In some remedial preliminaries, the cells from the patients own blood or even the bone marrow are evacuated, developed in the research facility for quite a while before they are transplanted back. During this procedure, the phones are presented to the infection that conveys the focused on quality. The passage of the infection into the cells upgrades addition of the objective quality into the DNA of the cell. The cells are, at that point, offered time to develop in the lab before they are again moved into the body of the patient through corrupt infusion (Kelly, 2007). This case of physical cell quality treatment is alluded to as ex vivo on the grounds that the cells are treated outside the body. Germ line Gene Therapy Germ line quality treatment is a treatment approach that includes conveyance of quality to sperm or egg or straightforwardly into the cells that are answerable for their creation. This case of quality treatment may help in keeping imperfect qualities from being moved to the ensuing ages. The demonstration of changing qualities at the underlying phases of early stage advancement is additionally favored since it fills in as a method of adjusting deficient qualities both in the germ line and inside the cells of the body (Wintrobe Greer, 2009). In situations when the germ line quality treatment is completed in the early embryologic stages like during pre-implantation finding and in the vitro preparation, hereditary exchange could be influenced in each phone inside the creating undeveloped organism. Be that as it may, there are reservations with the germ line quality treatment. This is a direct result of its dangers, particularly with the chance of a changeless restorative impact that may influence the accompanying ages through hereditary legacy. Dangers, related with Gene Therapy The dangers, related with quality treatment, are different. These dangers identify with the way, wherein the qualities are conveyed. The ordinary qualities that supplant damaged ones, in a quality treatment process, are typically conveyed through transporters, which are regularly vectors. The vast majority of these vectors are infections, which scientists use because of their one of a kind capacity to convey hereditary material into the cells of a quality (Hutter, 2010). This represents an incredible potential for dangers. In the first place, since quality treatment includes presentation of new outside cell into the framework, the body will undoubtedly respond through its safe framework. The infection that is brought into the body through quality treatment may make the insusceptible framework respond and assault the new cell similarly it responds to other pathogenic and illness causing life forms or cells. Such resistant reactions may cause difficulties in the bodys insusceptibility as well as lead to other clinical and wellbeing inconveniences, for example, irritation, harmfulness and organ disappointment in some extraordinary cases. Quality treatment can likewise prompt viral spread. The procedure includes utilization of infections to move the ideal quality into the body. Hutter (2010) refered to that since infections have the ability of influencing more than one sort of body cells, there is a likelihood that viral vectors that are utilized in hereditary exchange may wind up contaminating cells other than the focused on cells. All the cells that contain changed or missing qualities may, in this manner, be influenced. This can be a sad event since even the solid cells may wind up being influenced by the vector-conveying infection. Hence, quality treatment may prompt viral spread, which, thus, may cause other wellbeing inconveniences and spread sicknesses or ailments including malignant growth (Hutter, 2010). Maybe, perhaps the most serious hazard, related with quality treatment, is the chance of the infection to opposite to its unique structure. Infections are utilized to move the necessary qualities into the body cells to supplant the inadequate ones that are causing chemical and other physical dysfunctions. In any case, the infections that are utilized as vectors or transporters of the ideal quality may recuperate their underlying viral and contamination capacity and cause illnesses, when they are brought into the body through quality treatment (Abraham, 2008). This chance is very disastrous given that quality treatment in itself is initially intended to be a treatment technique, which ought not prompt the spread of different maladies during the time spent rewarding another ailment. The dangers of quality treatment have been enrolled, particularly concerning the capacity of the infection to spread and incite tumor development inside the genome (Kelly, 2007). Researchers and scientists

Female Issues in Streetcar and Hedda Movie Review

Stateless country - Essay Example 28). For this investigation, we will investigate Taiwan. â€Å"The state ought to socially know about itself as a discrete body and with a discrete urban structure† (Storm, Carsten, and Harrison, p. 8). For a considerable length of time, the individuals of Taiwan have lived with no opportunity that is they live by the experience of a frontier people (Richard, p. 17). They were not allowed the chance to oversee themselves. Taiwan populace comprised of displaced people, privateers, colonizers and colonizers who relocated to the island from various starting points. Because of this, each individual or gathering that moved into the territory have they are own accepts, objectives and dreams. Thusly, the individuals who lived there had no personality that kept them from battling for their privileges (Yasutomo, p.34). Taiwan contains numerous impacts that are non-china. The republican government controls them. Taiwan is alluded to as a ‘rebelling province’ by the legislature of adversary People’s Republic of china. They are viewed as defying the legitimate legislature of joined china. Due to the non-china impacts got from the district, Taiwanese can allude as a revolting region (Minahan, p.

Participatory Democracy Research Essay

Participatory Democracy Research Essay Participatory democracy: the rise of the political citizen and participative power Participatory democracy: the rise of the political citizen and participative power Academic Discipline: Political Science Course Name: The Frontiers of Democracy Assignment Subject: Participatory democracy: the rise of the political citizen and participative power Academic Level: Undergraduate-fourth year Referencing Style: Chicago Word Count: 1,860 Introduction A renewal of political philosophy has coincided in most Western countries with the establishment of procedures during the last two decades, in order to indirectly involve citizens in the political decision-making process. These schemes are mostly granted by local or governmental authorities, but can also result from strong pressure from the grassroots and the social movement. It is to this institutional offer of participation that today the idea of participatory democracy refers: a movement that aims, more or less clearly and effectively, to institutionalize the participation of citizens in other forms than the simple designation of elected representatives. An institutional regime that excludes citizen participation in the exercise of power came to be designated as democracy, which by definition refers to an ideal of government in which the legitimacy of a decision rests on those who should be able to participate in it, and whom the decision concerns. In this context, it is believed that the functioning of a democratic system calls for a certain degree of participation by the people in the determination of collective choices. This paper will analytically clarify what the terms ‘political citizen’ and ‘participative power’ mean, and also analyze the political stakes of this claimed support on a specific form of democratic participation, and examine what this discussion brings to the classical opposition between classic theories and the participatory theories of democracy. Background The notion of the ‘political citizen’, and the equivalent terms refer to the idea of a constitutional contribution accessible to everyone. Two variants can then be distinguished, which designate rather different dynamics in regards to the justification of the citizens participation in the decision-making processes. The first regards the application of political power as a mobilized notion, while the second regards carrying out transformations that follow the logic of the society and its internal changes in the functioning of the political administration. Having these means makes it possible to adapt and improve the offer of public policies so that it corresponds more to the needs of those to whom it is addressed. Participation at this level goes hand in hand with more accessible public services, and open communication between decision-makers and users. However, in other participatory arrangements, it is not primarily in its dimension of use that the ordinary reason of the citize ns is convened and the latter are asked to exercise their collective powers of reasoning. Despite important nuances, the primary intention is the same: it is a question of completing the institutional regulation of representative democracy in places where the deployment of this broader democratic deliberation is possible, and where the participation of the greatest number of collective choices is encouraged. The effects of rigorous approaches towards greater participation by the people in decision-making can be significant, as it is on the way to becoming one of the dominant currents of contemporary political thought. Participatory democracy Participatory democracy, under some of these modalities, enshrines a new political role to the ordinary citizen, whereby the citizen becomes required to pronounce himself, and is supposed to be able to position himself politically when the share of initiative left to participants is reduced to a minimum. This is often the case with the various participatory sittings or public debates that the political authorities set up, but which are in no way part of genuine participation. In other cases, discussions with citizens are part of pre-regulated arrangements that, like conferences or juries of citizens, are the subject of standard procedures. In this case, the citizen is often placed in a passive, experimental situation, with a minimal room for negotiation. In these conditions, the forms of socially assisted democracies do not instrumentalize those who agree to participate. But by questioning the capacity of these procedures to influence the decision-making process, they point to their main limit: their lack of effectiveness. Indeed, under certain conditions, these procedural innovations can sometimes trigger a virtuous political change process and compensate for the effect of structural inequalities on political participation, but in many cases, this type of decision-making approach contributes to polarizing rather than reconciling the different points of view. The institutionalization of participation, its inclusion in the law and in administrative routines arguably offer more advantages than disadvantages. But this institutionalization of participation can only be achieved on one condition: the emergence and recognition of an intermediary actor, or a neutral power that guarantees the progress of the dialogue, and imposes obligations on all those involved. The establishment of a procedure for participation with the public is likely to produce effects, regardless of the political context. These effects are often indirect and unexpected, and may concern the organizations, the actors involved, but also the decision itself. The expected effects, which are sought to be verified, can be extremely varied. They can relate to the actors at the individual level, their capacity to act, their opinions, their level of information, or acceptance of the other. They can relate to the power relations between groups, situations of domination or injustice o r the social representations of a phenomenon. They can finally deal with the decision in a democracy, whose causal relationships, taken separately or as a whole, the participation is supposed to validate or invalidate. Participative power The participation of political citizens can then be a means of gaining advantage against organized civil society, suspected of having special counter interests. To be deployed, collective powers of reasoning require sufficient information, pluralistic debates allowing the exchange of arguments, and moments of personal introspection. Consequently, the very notion of democracy, the idea that everyone has the right to participate in the definition of common affairs, if only through the vote of representatives, would be meaningless. Induced by participatory approaches or, more broadly, by commitment to the problems of society, the idea of participation in the most radical experiments refers to a participative democracy in the strict sense, that is to say a combination between the institutions of representative democracy and the dimensions of democracy direct. An important part of the decision is not a purely technical definition and implies cultural, social or political choices which ordinary citizens can reasonably be associated with when an adequate procedure allows them to have information and to deliberate properly on the matter. The reason behind this is that participation is at best only a small minority of citizens, it is very socially unequal, as every interest, every social institution, is transformed into general, collective interest. Participatory democracy contributes to politicizing certain populations, as it is always possible to contest the very modalities of the organization of the debate which challenges the organizers in the name of the democratic principles they claim to be, for example, is a common modality of major social operations. More generally, everything indicates that organized groups still have the choice to practice when faced with these participatory mechanisms. While for some of them, the most fragile, these instances of participation constitute places where their real representativeness and strength are put to the test, most have a vested interest in their multiplication. Whatever the approach adopted, and where their intervention is permitted, organized groups retain the possibility of acting simultaneously in other settings. Instigating positive social changes This idea of participatory democracy is very often detached from any reference to social justice, as it is a question of bringing citizens closer to political power, of informing the population and introducing effective movements, but not of helping to improve the lot of the most disadvantaged populations. In other words, existing schemes contribute more to the learning of the actors already in place, and to redefining their relations than to transforming citizens into genuine actors in public decision-making. Ideally, participative power is expected to produce citizens more interested in public affairs, more informed, more empathetic, more concerned with the general interest, and to transform their opinions. These approaches call for attention to citizens education, civic engagement and empowerment processes. As such, in order to make it more effective there must be an effort to communicate systematically, with the populations furthest from the political sphere through selective i ncentives for participation, or by a constant search for representativeness. It is at this price that it is possible to avoid the reproduction of the balance of power that is successful only if explicitly and effectively sought. Because public participation does not spread homogeneously on a national scale in various sectors, including the public policy sector, in the same way, depending on the country, the analysis of the effects requires broadening the dimensions taken into account in the evaluation of participatory processes. There are more comparative approaches between public action contexts in order to analyze their differentiated capabilities. This is done in order to produce a range of participation and how whole areas of public action evade or convert into the new system of political participation. Namely, the influence of participatory schemes are created often to seek out the explanation of this result elsewhere, other than in the devices themselves. As such, a question of the effects on the decision is a question about the relatively low impact of the participatory protocols put in place, contrary to the expectations of the proponents of embedding them in larger systems of action and longer tempo ralities. Consequently, the failure of most participatory processes is to transform public action serves in order to inform the ordinary processes of decision-making in our democracies. This reasoning can be used as an argument that democratization of the decision-making process is hardly possible, due to the asymmetries of power and knowledge between the actors corresponding to strong initial normative changes. The first of these refers to the fact that the invalidation of the supposed and expected effects of participation constitutes in itself a significant result or decision. To note that, under certain conditions, the participation of the public in a democracy strengthens the power of the representatives, reinforces injustice and domination or produces strictly no effect can disappoint, it nevertheless constitutes a fact that deserves to be established. Conclusion In view of the initial assessments made in this issue and the questions they raise, it can be concluded that this deliberate turn in contemporary political thought and the rise of this participatory imperative in public action are a reflection on the limits of proven operation of current representative democracies. A deviation from the participatory ideal is not only a risk, but a reality that is seen today in many municipalities where consultation councils have neither the means nor the recognition sufficient to make themselves heard. At the same time, it can be concluded that the reference to an ideal of direct democracy or self-management is absent from most of these initiatives. Whether they are as diverse as neighbourhood councils, citizens conferences or the public debate, all present themselves as places where an informed public judgment can be built, where conflicting opinions can be made, and where arguments can be exchanged, but where decision-making power is not directly at stake. In particular, the devices which can be associated with this movement are tools or instruments to involve citizens more or less permanently in the discussion of local political affairs or development projects. Bibliography: Bryson, John M., Kathryn S. Quick, Carissa Schively Slotterback, and Barbara C. Crosby. Designing public participation processes. Public administration review 73, no. 1 (2013): 23-34. Fung, Archon. Putting the public back into governance: The challenges of citizen participation and its future. Public Administration Review 75, no. 4 (2015): 513-522. Lafont, Cristina. Deliberation, Participation, and Democratic Legitimacy: Should Deliberative Mini-publics Shape Public Policy?. Journal of Political Philosophy 23, no. 1 (2015): 40-63. Langford, Tom. Union democracy as a foundation for a participatory society: A theoretical elaboration and historical example. Labour/Le Travail 76, no. 1 (2015): 79-108. Stoker, Gerry. Why politics matters: making democracy work. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. Participatory Democracy Research Essay Participatory democracy: the rise of the political citizen and participative power Participatory democracy: the rise of the political citizen and participative power Academic Discipline: Political Science Course Name: The Frontiers of Democracy Assignment Subject: Participatory democracy: the rise of the political citizen and participative power Academic Level: Undergraduate-fourth year Referencing Style: Chicago Word Count: 1,860 Introduction A renewal of political philosophy has coincided in most Western countries with the establishment of procedures during the last two decades, in order to indirectly involve citizens in the political decision-making process. These schemes are mostly granted by local or governmental authorities, but can also result from strong pressure from the grassroots and the social movement. It is to this institutional offer of participation that today the idea of participatory democracy refers: a movement that aims, more or less clearly and effectively, to institutionalize the participation of citizens in other forms than the simple designation of elected representatives. An institutional regime that excludes citizen participation in the exercise of power came to be designated as democracy, which by definition refers to an ideal of government in which the legitimacy of a decision rests on those who should be able to participate in it, and whom the decision concerns. In this context, it is believed that the functioning of a democratic system calls for a certain degree of participation by the people in the determination of collective choices. This paper will analytically clarify what the terms ‘political citizen’ and ‘participative power’ mean, and also analyze the political stakes of this claimed support on a specific form of democratic participation, and examine what this discussion brings to the classical opposition between classic theories and the participatory theories of democracy. Background The notion of the ‘political citizen’, and the equivalent terms refer to the idea of a constitutional contribution accessible to everyone. Two variants can then be distinguished, which designate rather different dynamics in regards to the justification of the citizens participation in the decision-making processes. The first regards the application of political power as a mobilized notion, while the second regards carrying out transformations that follow the logic of the society and its internal changes in the functioning of the political administration. Having these means makes it possible to adapt and improve the offer of public policies so that it corresponds more to the needs of those to whom it is addressed. Participation at this level goes hand in hand with more accessible public services, and open communication between decision-makers and users. However, in other participatory arrangements, it is not primarily in its dimension of use that the ordinary reason of the citize ns is convened and the latter are asked to exercise their collective powers of reasoning. Despite important nuances, the primary intention is the same: it is a question of completing the institutional regulation of representative democracy in places where the deployment of this broader democratic deliberation is possible, and where the participation of the greatest number of collective choices is encouraged. The effects of rigorous approaches towards greater participation by the people in decision-making can be significant, as it is on the way to becoming one of the dominant currents of contemporary political thought. Participatory democracy Participatory democracy, under some of these modalities, enshrines a new political role to the ordinary citizen, whereby the citizen becomes required to pronounce himself, and is supposed to be able to position himself politically when the share of initiative left to participants is reduced to a minimum. This is often the case with the various participatory sittings or public debates that the political authorities set up, but which are in no way part of genuine participation. In other cases, discussions with citizens are part of pre-regulated arrangements that, like conferences or juries of citizens, are the subject of standard procedures. In this case, the citizen is often placed in a passive, experimental situation, with a minimal room for negotiation. In these conditions, the forms of socially assisted democracies do not instrumentalize those who agree to participate. But by questioning the capacity of these procedures to influence the decision-making process, they point to their main limit: their lack of effectiveness. Indeed, under certain conditions, these procedural innovations can sometimes trigger a virtuous political change process and compensate for the effect of structural inequalities on political participation, but in many cases, this type of decision-making approach contributes to polarizing rather than reconciling the different points of view. The institutionalization of participation, its inclusion in the law and in administrative routines arguably offer more advantages than disadvantages. But this institutionalization of participation can only be achieved on one condition: the emergence and recognition of an intermediary actor, or a neutral power that guarantees the progress of the dialogue, and imposes obligations on all those involved. The establishment of a procedure for participation with the public is likely to produce effects, regardless of the political context. These effects are often indirect and unexpected, and may concern the organizations, the actors involved, but also the decision itself. The expected effects, which are sought to be verified, can be extremely varied. They can relate to the actors at the individual level, their capacity to act, their opinions, their level of information, or acceptance of the other. They can relate to the power relations between groups, situations of domination or injustice o r the social representations of a phenomenon. They can finally deal with the decision in a democracy, whose causal relationships, taken separately or as a whole, the participation is supposed to validate or invalidate. Participative power The participation of political citizens can then be a means of gaining advantage against organized civil society, suspected of having special counter interests. To be deployed, collective powers of reasoning require sufficient information, pluralistic debates allowing the exchange of arguments, and moments of personal introspection. Consequently, the very notion of democracy, the idea that everyone has the right to participate in the definition of common affairs, if only through the vote of representatives, would be meaningless. Induced by participatory approaches or, more broadly, by commitment to the problems of society, the idea of participation in the most radical experiments refers to a participative democracy in the strict sense, that is to say a combination between the institutions of representative democracy and the dimensions of democracy direct. An important part of the decision is not a purely technical definition and implies cultural, social or political choices which ordinary citizens can reasonably be associated with when an adequate procedure allows them to have information and to deliberate properly on the matter. The reason behind this is that participation is at best only a small minority of citizens, it is very socially unequal, as every interest, every social institution, is transformed into general, collective interest. Participatory democracy contributes to politicizing certain populations, as it is always possible to contest the very modalities of the organization of the debate which challenges the organizers in the name of the democratic principles they claim to be, for example, is a common modality of major social operations. More generally, everything indicates that organized groups still have the choice to practice when faced with these participatory mechanisms. While for some of them, the most fragile, these instances of participation constitute places where their real representativeness and strength are put to the test, most have a vested interest in their multiplication. Whatever the approach adopted, and where their intervention is permitted, organized groups retain the possibility of acting simultaneously in other settings. Instigating positive social changes This idea of participatory democracy is very often detached from any reference to social justice, as it is a question of bringing citizens closer to political power, of informing the population and introducing effective movements, but not of helping to improve the lot of the most disadvantaged populations. In other words, existing schemes contribute more to the learning of the actors already in place, and to redefining their relations than to transforming citizens into genuine actors in public decision-making. Ideally, participative power is expected to produce citizens more interested in public affairs, more informed, more empathetic, more concerned with the general interest, and to transform their opinions. These approaches call for attention to citizens education, civic engagement and empowerment processes. As such, in order to make it more effective there must be an effort to communicate systematically, with the populations furthest from the political sphere through selective i ncentives for participation, or by a constant search for representativeness. It is at this price that it is possible to avoid the reproduction of the balance of power that is successful only if explicitly and effectively sought. Because public participation does not spread homogeneously on a national scale in various sectors, including the public policy sector, in the same way, depending on the country, the analysis of the effects requires broadening the dimensions taken into account in the evaluation of participatory processes. There are more comparative approaches between public action contexts in order to analyze their differentiated capabilities. This is done in order to produce a range of participation and how whole areas of public action evade or convert into the new system of political participation. Namely, the influence of participatory schemes are created often to seek out the explanation of this result elsewhere, other than in the devices themselves. As such, a question of the effects on the decision is a question about the relatively low impact of the participatory protocols put in place, contrary to the expectations of the proponents of embedding them in larger systems of action and longer tempo ralities. Consequently, the failure of most participatory processes is to transform public action serves in order to inform the ordinary processes of decision-making in our democracies. This reasoning can be used as an argument that democratization of the decision-making process is hardly possible, due to the asymmetries of power and knowledge between the actors corresponding to strong initial normative changes. The first of these refers to the fact that the invalidation of the supposed and expected effects of participation constitutes in itself a significant result or decision. To note that, under certain conditions, the participation of the public in a democracy strengthens the power of the representatives, reinforces injustice and domination or produces strictly no effect can disappoint, it nevertheless constitutes a fact that deserves to be established. Conclusion In view of the initial assessments made in this issue and the questions they raise, it can be concluded that this deliberate turn in contemporary political thought and the rise of this participatory imperative in public action are a reflection on the limits of proven operation of current representative democracies. A deviation from the participatory ideal is not only a risk, but a reality that is seen today in many municipalities where consultation councils have neither the means nor the recognition sufficient to make themselves heard. At the same time, it can be concluded that the reference to an ideal of direct democracy or self-management is absent from most of these initiatives. Whether they are as diverse as neighbourhood councils, citizens conferences or the public debate, all present themselves as places where an informed public judgment can be built, where conflicting opinions can be made, and where arguments can be exchanged, but where decision-making power is not directly at stake. In particular, the devices which can be associated with this movement are tools or instruments to involve citizens more or less permanently in the discussion of local political affairs or development projects. Bibliography: Bryson, John M., Kathryn S. Quick, Carissa Schively Slotterback, and Barbara C. Crosby. Designing public participation processes. Public administration review 73, no. 1 (2013): 23-34. Fung, Archon. Putting the public back into governance: The challenges of citizen participation and its future. Public Administration Review 75, no. 4 (2015): 513-522. Lafont, Cristina. Deliberation, Participation, and Democratic Legitimacy: Should Deliberative Mini-publics Shape Public Policy?. Journal of Political Philosophy 23, no. 1 (2015): 40-63. Langford, Tom. Union democracy as a foundation for a participatory society: A theoretical elaboration and historical example. Labour/Le Travail 76, no. 1 (2015): 79-108. Stoker, Gerry. Why politics matters: making democracy work. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016.

Defining Marketing - 981 Words

Defining Marketing What is marketing? More important, what importance does marketing have on an organization s success? In this paper, marketing will be defined. Included will be my personal definition of marketing, the definition found in Marketing Management, and the definition found in Basic Marketing. Based on these definitions, I will explain the importance of marketing in organizational success. Definition of Marketing There are several definitions of marketing. Although many sources define marketing differently, each definition has the same meaning. The following will describe my personal definition of marketing, followed by the definitions of marketing in Basic Marketing and Marketing Management. Personal Definition†¦show more content†¦Wachovia As a result of Wachovia s marketing strategies, Wachovia has been ranked number one in customer service for the past five years among banking peers. According to the Wachovia 2005 Annual Report, driving our growth is an uncommon partnership of banking and brokerage businesses that leverage the collective wisdom of our skilled relationship managers and finical advisors to bridge a lifetime of customer needs (Wachovia, 2006). Rolex Rolex is another organization that has found success from good marketing. Rolex watches are products that sell themselves. As quoted in Rolex Watches Ââ€" A Brief History, the founder of Rolex wasn t content merely to invent the first wristwatch. He wanted to invent the first truly accurate wristwatch, one that you could actually run your life by (Brittons Watches, 2007). Because of good marketing, Rolex is considered to be one of the most prestigious watches in the world. No matter how one defines the word, an organization s success relies on marketing. Each of the three examples provided in this paper prove that marketing created organization success for each of the organizations. According to Basic Marketing, if the whole marketing job has been done well, customers don t need much persuading. They should be ready to buy. And after they do buy, they ll be satisfied and ready to buy the same way again the next time (Perreault andShow MoreRelatedDefining Marketing805 Words   |  4 PagesDefining Marketing Colleen P. Dalton MKT/421 November 26, 2012 Stephanie Burns Defining Marketing The purpose of this paper is to define the term â€Å"marketing†, explain the importance of marketing in organizational success, and provide examples from the business world to support the explanation of its importance. Upon completion of this paper it should be understood what Marketing means and its importance in today’s society. Marketing There are many definitions of the term â€Å"marketing†Read MoreDefining Marketing802 Words   |  4 PagesDefining Marketing Deby Chan MKT 421 – Marketing Norbert Gray Jr. July 3, 2011 Defining Marketing There has been much misconception about what marketing really it only about commercials on the television or billboards that dot the highways, advertisements in the paper or salesman attempting to sell you their products. Many believe that this is marketing but marketing is much more complex than the advertising and the selling of goods and services. In fact, the above mentioned elements onlyRead MoreDefining Marketing1022 Words   |  5 PagesTo fully understand the importance of marketing and organizational success one must understand what marketing is. Marketing and marketing decisions are the key to an organizations success. Without the marketing process and marketing strategies an organization is sure to fail. 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Business Dictionary defines marketing as â€Å"the management process through which goods and services move from concept to the customer†Read MoreDefining Marketing Paper1010 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: DEFINING MARKETING PAPER Defining Marketing Paper Bonnie Garcia University of Phoenix Marketing is an important part of the business organization; it is more than just promoting and selling a product. Marketing is gratifying the changing needs of the customer. This can be best summed up by the very successful businessman Bill Gates when he quoted, Your most unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning . The purpose of this paper is toRead MoreEssay on Defining Marketing869 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing is one of those things that surrounds your everyday life and you dont even realize it. A challenge of a good marketing manager is to make a person or customer to not even realize that they are targets of a marketing campaign. 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The authors see marketing management as the art and science of proper retailRead MoreDefining Marketing Paper837 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Marketing is in a part of everyone’s daily lives. We see it the moment we turn on the television, when we go to the grocery store, and even at our jobs. When I think about marketing, I think about all of my favorite restaurants, places to go, favorite clothing brands, and shoes. All of my favorite things come to mind when we discuss the concept of marketing. When I think about marketing, I think of all of the companies that produce my favorite things. Marketing campaigns are those people

Duty Honor Country - 2056 Words

General Westmoreland, General Grove, distinguished guests, and gentlemen of the Corps! As I was leaving the hotel this morning, a doorman asked me, Where are you bound for, General? And when I replied, West Point, he remarked, Beautiful place. Have you ever been there before? No human being could fail to be deeply moved by such a tribute as this [Thayer Award]. Coming from a profession I have served so long, and a people I have loved so well, it fills me with an emotion I cannot express. But this award is not intended primarily to honor a personality, but to symbolize a great moral code -- the code of conduct and chivalry of those who guard this beloved land of culture and ancient descent. That is the animation of this medallion.†¦show more content†¦He belongs to posterity as the instructor of future generations in the principles of liberty and freedom. He belongs to the present, to us, by his virtues and by his achievements. In 20 campaigns, on a hundred battlefields, around a thousand campfires, I have witnessed that enduring fortitude, that patriotic self-abnegation, and that invincible determination which have carved his statue in the hearts of his people. From one end of the world to the other he has drained deep the chalice of courage. As I listened to those songs [of the glee club], in memorys eye I could see those staggering columns of the First World War, bending under soggy packs, on many a weary march from dripping dusk to drizzling dawn, slogging ankle-deep through the mire of shell-shocked roads, to form grimly for the attack, blue-lipped, covered with sludge and mud, chilled by the wind and rain, driving home to their objective, and for many, to the judgment seat of God. I do not know the dignity of their birth, but I do know the glory of their death. They died unquestioning, uncomplaining, with faith in their hearts, and on their lips the hope that we would go on to victory. Always, for them: Duty, Honor, Country; always their blood and sweat and tears, as we sought the way and the light and the truth. And 20 years after, on the other side of the globe, again the filth of murky foxholes, the stench of ghostly trenches, the slime of dripping dugouts; those boiling suns ofShow MoreRelatedDuty Honor Country- Douglas Macarthur2130 Words   |  9 PagesDuty, Honor, Country â€Å"And through all this welter of change and development, your mission remains fixed, determined, inviolable: it is to win our wars,† this statement embodies Douglas Macarthur’s Speech â€Å"Duty, Honor, Country†. It was given in 1962 in acceptance of the Thayer Award, â€Å"The Award given†¦ citizen of the United States, whose outstanding character, †¦ comparison to the qualities for which West Point strives, in keeping with its motto - Duty, Honor, Country.† (AOGUSMA) It has been presentedRead MoreGeneral Douglas Macarthur s Duty, Honor, Country ``1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe Speech â€Å"Duty, Honor, Country† was delivered by General Douglas MacArthur to the Cadets of the Military Academy in West Point, New York. General Douglas MacArthur was being awarded with the Sylvanus Thayer Award to commend the General for all his hard work and devotion to the Military. The Award is a memorable tribute to the ideals that inspired the late G eneral Sylvanus Thayer, who was also known as â€Å"the Father of West Point†. In General Douglas MacArthur’s â€Å"Duty, Honor, Country† speech, he usedRead MoreEssay about Rhetorical Analysis of MacArthur’s Duty Honor Country1283 Words   |  6 Pagesmust remind ourselves to persevere and continue to defend the country. In addressing the Sylvanus Thayer Award on May 12, 1962, at the city of West Point, New York, General Douglas MacArthur urged Americans to remember the major responsibilities we have as Americans in his speech Duty, Honor, Country. With a position of authority, MacArthur powerfully stated that America will only survive through winning wars and fulfilling our duties. His main priority was to defend the nation, respect the nationRead MorePathos And Ethos In Speech1202 Words   |  5 Pages1962, General Douglas MacArthur addressed the cadets at the West Point Military Academy in his speech Duty, Honor, Country, during the reception for th e Sylvanus Thayer Award. This award is given to an â€Å"†¦outstanding citizen of the United States whose service and accomplishments in the national interest exemplify personal devotion to the ideals expressed in the West Point motto, duty, honor, country.† As the one receiving this prestigious award, General MacArthur truly exemplified these values as heRead MoreThe Prisoner s Fight, Patriotism, And Duty946 Words   |  4 PagesDo the terms honor, patriotism, and duty defines a soldier’s hardships and struggles that he encounters during times of war? Defiant, recreates the experiences of eleven men captured during the Vietnam War and sent to the various camps like Hao Lo in North Vietnam. While there the American prisoners’ commitment to their honor, patriotism, and duty would be put to the test through the harsh living conditions and torture inflicted upon them both physically and mentally. Townley’s use of William Henley’sRead MoreHow A S oldier Can Fight And Kill People From His Own Country1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthat was fought between a country divided. Abraham Lincoln once said â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand.† Even though we were all brought together as one nation, these two sides were polarized by their environment and beliefs. This war that tore apart a country, costed more than six hundred thousand lives. The Civil War altered history and is still relevant in the present. A big question people have today is how a soldier can fight and kill people from his own country. Why and how could anyoneRead MoreThe Army Standards1104 Words   |  5 Pagessomething weather it’s to family, friends, or a sport. It could be anything. The Army just enforces loyalty amongst the organization to keep the mission going and morale of the soldiers going. Duty is to fulfill your obligations. Doing your duty means more than carrying out your assigned tasks. Duty means being able to accomplish tasks as part of a team. The work of the U.S. Army is a complex combination of missions, tasks and responsibilities — all in constant motion. Our work entails buildingRead MoreDuty : Fulfill Your Obligations974 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Duty: Fulfill your obligations. Doing your duty means more than carrying out your assigned tasks. Duty means being able to accomplish tasks as part of a team. The work of the U.S. Army is a complex combination of missions, tasks and responsibilities — all in constant motion. Our work entails building one assignment onto another. You fulfill your obligations as a part of your unit every time you resist the temptation to take â€Å"shortcuts† that might undermine the integrity of the final product.† HereRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of General Douglas Mac Arthur Speech781 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States thrive on the principles of the West Point motto which are: Duty, Honor, Country. General Douglas Mac Arthur was a soldier by profession and in his speech, he explains that this award is not only recognition of personality but also signifies the moral principles of the people that guard a nation. Throughout his speech, he shows his audience that soldiers have to operate by the principles: Duty, Honor, Country even in the face of war. This means putting their lives at risk and devotingRead MoreThe Gendered Struggle: Comparing and Contrasting between Masculine and Feminine Perceptions of Honor in Two Cultures1597 Words   |  7 Pagesof identity of their time: honor. Medea was a controversial character in ancient times not only because of her filicide, but because she asserted that women have honor, an idea that was not the norm in Greece. In sharp contrast to her is Hamlet, th e tragic hero that was honor-bound by his society to avenge his father’s death, yet only does so at the expense of his entire kingdom. The difference in how society treats Hamlet and Medea in their quests to preserve their honor result in tragedy for both

Tien Tien Free Essays

Phung Th? y Tien ATCC-K13 In Britain, when someone gets old they often go to live in a home with other old people where there are nurses to look after them. Sometimes the government has to pay for this care. Who should be responsible for our old people? ESSAY There has been an ongoing debate for years about which one will care for the elderly. We will write a custom essay sample on Tien Tien or any similar topic only for you Order Now It would be argued that the government has to be responsible for the old people. Others would believe that the adult children have to take responsibility for their parents by themselves. Personally, I am convinced that taking care of the senior citizens is the responsibility of both the family and the government. On the one hand, people who dedicated all their life to build up their home deserve the best care from their children when they get old. It would be argued that it is expensive to support old people who have little or no income. In my opinion, it is a dogmatic statement and it goes against the moral values if family members abandon the old people because of those reasons. We should not forget that older people may financially and morally contribute the family when they were young. Their children have gained various things from them like financial security, moral values and so on. All family members need to respect the elderly people, make them feel happy and give them the best care. On the other hand, the Government also has to take the responsibility for taking care the old people. The old people may have done many things to contribute to the national budget like paying tax or working for free when they were young, so they should be received financial assistance from the Government when they get old. Government should give the elderly old-age pension or pay for the care in the nursing home where the old people live in. The Government can also provide subsidy to the poor members who live with elderly parents and invest more money in facilities and training for care workers in the nursing home as well. All things considered, the old people must be received the best care from not only the government but also their family members and society. Children have to look after their elderly parents well, and the government should support the senior citizens in many ways. (346 words) How to cite Tien Tien, Papers

The abuse of power Essay Example

The abuse of power Essay Danforths status does not change during the play as he is a judge but it can be argued that he is a judge that does not listen to sense and evidence, and will believe anything. The final character I am going to focus this essay on is Mary Warren. Marys character does not manipulate others but is manipulated herself. In comparison to Abigail, Mary can be seen as weak and fragile. She is mainly manipulated by Abigail throughout the play. Abigail: (Shivering visibly. ) It is a wind, a wind! Mary Warren: Abby, dont do that! In my opinion, Arthur Miller created such a character so the audience can easily view the lengths Abigail goes to, to influence and control a situation that could end up unfavourably for her. This illustrates how selfish she is as a person and because of Mary Warren, it helps us to understand the character of Abigail. Danforth, who always seems to believe Abigail, turns against Mary Warren, who was a part of the group of girls accusing people in the public of using witchcraft, and asks Mary Warren about what she is supposedly doing to Abigail, Danforth: (Himself engaged and entered by Abigail. ) Mary Warren, do you witch her? We will write a custom essay sample on The abuse of power specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The abuse of power specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The abuse of power specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I say to you, do you send your spirit out? This then eventually causes John Proctor to prove to Danforth that Abigail can not be trusted by telling everyone what has happened between him and Abigail. Mary, as a character, is not strong enough to stand up to a character like Abigail for a fear of what could happen to her. This shows us that the point of Marys character is to show the audience Abigails evil qualities and possibly what Abigail is capable of to protect herself. In conclusion, Abigail had the ability to push around anybody, something she would not have been able to do if the trials for witchcraft had not taken place. Abigail is possibly the most manipulative character in modern literature. By creating Abigail, I believe that Arthur Miller was trying to capture the events of what was happening within his own society at the time. From writing this essay, I have learned that this play is a study of power and manipulation as there is a vast amount of it within just one piece of literature. By writing The Crucible, Arthur Miller has shown his readers that if one person is given too much power, no good would possibly come from it.

Mercury Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Mercury Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Mercury is the only metallic element that is a liquid at room temperature. This dense metal is atomic number 80 with element symbol Hg. This collection of mercury facts includes atomic data, the electron configuration, chemical and physical properties, and history of the element. Mercury Basic Facts Symbol: HgAtomic Number: 80Atomic Weight: 200.59Element Classification: Transition MetalCAS Number: 7439-97-6Mercury Periodic Table LocationGroup: 12Period: 6Block: d Mercury Electron Configuration Short Form: [Xe]4f145d106s2Long Form: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d106s2Shell Structure: 2 8 18 32 18 2 Mercury Discovery Discovery Date: Known to the ancient Hindus and Chinese. Mercury has been found in Egyptian tombs dating to 1500 B.C.Name: Mercury derives its name from the association between the planet Mercury and its use in alchemy. The alchemical symbol for mercury was the same for the metal and the planet. The element symbol, Hg, is derived from the Latin name hydragyrum meaning water silver. Mercury Physical Data State at room temperature (300 K): LiquidAppearance: heavy silvery white metalDensity: 13.546 g/cc (20  °C)Melting Point: 234.32 K (-38.83  °C or -37.894  °F)Boiling Point: 356.62 K (356.62  °C or 629.77  °F)Critical Point: 1750 K at 172 MPaHeat of Fusion: 2.29 kJ/molHeat of Vaporization: 59.11 kJ/molMolar Heat Capacity: 27.983 J/mol ·KSpecific Heat: 0.138 J/g ·K (at 20  °C) Mercury Atomic Data Oxidation States: 2 , 1Electronegativity: 2.00Electron Affinity: not stableAtomic Radius: 1.32 Ã…Atomic Volume: 14.8 cc/molIonic Radius: 1.10 Ã… (2e) 1.27 Ã… (1e)Covalent Radius: 1.32 Ã…Van der Waals Radius: 1.55 Ã…First Ionization Energy: 1007.065 kJ/molSecond Ionization Energy: 1809.755 kJ/molThird Ionization Energy: 3299.796 kJ/mol Mercury Nuclear Data Number of isotopes: There are 7 naturally occurring isotopes of mercury..Isotopes and % abundance: 196Hg (0.15), 198Hg (9.97), 199Hg (198.968), 200Hg (23.1), 201Hg (13.18), 202Hg (29.86) and 204Hg (6.87) Mercury Crystal Data Lattice Structure: RhombohedralLattice Constant: 2.990 Ã…Debye Temperature: 100.00 K Mercury Uses Mercury is amalgamated with gold to facilitate the recovery of gold from its ores. Mercury is used to make thermometers, diffusion pumps, barometers, mercury vapor lamps, mercury switches, pesticides, batteries, dental preparations, antifouling paints, pigments, and catalysts. Many of the salts and organic mercury compounds are important. Miscellaneous Mercury Facts Mercury compounds with the 2 oxidation states are known as mercuric in older texts. Example: HgCl2 was known as mercuric chloride.Mercury compounds with the 1 oxidation state are known as mercurous in older texts. Example: Hg2Cl2 was known as mercurous chloride.Mercury is rarely found free in nature. Mercury is harvested from cinnabar (mercury(I) sulfide - HgS). It is extracted by heating the ore and collecting the mercury vapor produced.Mercury is also known by the name quicksilver.Mercury is one of the few elements that is liquid at ordinary room temperatures.Mercury and its compounds are highly poisonous. Mercury is readily absorbed across unbroken skin or though the respiratory or gatroinstestinal tract. It acts as a cumulative poison.Mercury is very volatile in air. When room temperature air (20 °C) is saturated with mercury vapor, the concentration greatly exceeds the toxic limit. The concentration, and thus the danger, increases at higher temperatures.Early alchemists believ ed all metals contained varying amounts of mercury. Mercury was used in many experiments to transmute one metal into another. Chinese alchemists believed mercury promoted health and extended life and included it with several medicines.Mercury readily forms alloys with other metals, called amalgams. The term amalgam literally means alloy of mercury in Latin.An electrical discharge will cause mercury to combine with the noble gases argon, krypton, neon, and xenon.Mercury is one of the heavy metals. Many metals have a higher density than mercury, yet are not considered to be heavy metals. This is because heavy metals are both extremely dense and highly toxic. Sources Eisler, R. (2006). Mercury hazards to living organisms. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-9212-2.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.Norrby, L.J. (1991). Why is mercury liquid? Or, why do relativistic effects not get into chemistry textbooks?. Journal of Chemical Education. 68 (2): 110. doi:10.1021/ed068p110Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4. Return to the Periodic Table

Hypermiling (Saving Lots of Fuel) in a Hybrid

Hypermiling (Saving Lots of Fuel) in a Hybrid Hypermiling is an endless pursuitthe quest for improved fuel economy, ratcheted up a couple of notches to near fanaticism. Those who practice it are called hypermilers, a dedicated group of guys and gals who routinely push the limits of maximum fuel efficiency. It got its name from the likes of Wayne Gerdes, one of the original devotees of hypermiling, and often proclaimed the inventor of the term. Hypermiling more or less got its start with hybrids, but its not limited to them. Here, well focus on hypermiling with a hybrid vehicle. Some of the techniques can only be done with a hybrid, or, at least they make it much easier and saferthough some hardcore hypermilers perform ALL of these techniques in regular cars. We dont recommend that, but really, a lot of it is just plain common sense that can be applied to just about any vehicle and/or driver. So what are these techniques and tools that are employed so passionately by their devotees? Read on for an explanation of these FE (thats hypermileresque for Fuel Economy) tricks. Pulse and Glide (PG) This is the heart of effective hypermiling for full hybrid vehicles. Though it takes some getting used to, and its really only appropriate for light suburban and town traffic, large FE gains can be had using it. Our first successful PG was in a Nissan Altima Hybrid. This car is equipped with Toyotas Hybrid Synergy Drive (Nissan licensed it from Toyota), but our car was lacking an energy flow monitor, so we had to rely on the EV mode display and the Kilowatt (kW) meter to execute the task properly. To initiate a PG, accelerate to about 40 MPH with the engine running (the pulse part), then ease off the pedal until the hybrid system goes into EV (electric vehicle) mode and the kW meter shows zero (or if equipped with the energy flow monitor, no arrows are showing energy flow). This is the glide part. The engine is off, the electric motor is disengaged and the vehicle is literally coasting for free. When the car slows to about twenty-five or thirty MPH (depending on traffic conditions, of course) repeat the pulse part, then the glide and so on. If properly applied, this trick uses the engine only to accelerate, and it never has the chance to idle along, wasting fuel while providing no return. Forced Auto Stop (FAS) Forced Auto Stop is similar to PG without the objective of re-accelerating. In a hybrid, it is usually a matter of lifting the accelerator below a speed of approximately 40 MPH and letting the engine shut-off. This allows the car to coast to a slower speed, or come to a complete stop without the engine running. However, many conditions can affect FAS (adequate battery state of charge, hybrid system temperature, engagement of AC compressor, cabin heat, etc.) and are not always so simple. Depending upon the hardware and software controls of the hybrid system, there are ways to fool the system into FAS. Unfortunately, they are many and varied, and beyond the scope of this article. Draft Assisted Forced Auto Stop (D-FAS) This technique involves riding in the wake of a large trailer truck at highway speeds (in FAS). Its not safe, DONT DO IT. We only mention it here because it is part of some hypermilers arsenal of tricks. Driving Without Brakes (DWB) More hypermilers tongue-in-cheek terminology. We like to think of this as driving with minimal brakes, but it must be done with a good dose of common senseits really not a good idea to take a 25 MPH curve at 50 trying to save gas. The main idea here is to not use the brakes to scrub off speed that has been achieved with energy (gasoline) spent. Anticipation is the keyword. Look far down the road to anticipate traffic stoppages, sharp curves, and signal changes and begin to decelerate or coast beforehand. The benefit is three-fold: Not only does DWB increase brake life, it reduces the number of times the vehicle must be started from a dead-stop (overcoming the inertia of a stationary vehicle consumes an enormous amount of energy), and, with a hybrid, the coasting action (regenerative braking) helps charge the battery. Ridge Riding This is the practice of driving very close to the outside edge of the road in order to keep the vehicles tires out of the slight depressions (ruts) worn into the road surface by the constant pounding of daily traffic. For most purposes, this technique is really only effective on wet roadways. Staying out of the ruts, which are filled with a thin layer of water, reduces drag on the tires and increases efficiency. An additional benefit is improved safety by preventing the tires from hydroplaning (riding on top of the water) and loss of vehicle control. Face out Potential Parking This is just plain common sense with a little bit of exercise, to boot. Search out open spaces in parking lots to eliminate the wasteful movement of backing out of a slot. Go one better by locating a spot that is on a bit of a slope, and then use gravity to help get the vehicle moving from a standstill. Sound silly? Multiply those effects over hundreds of park jobs in a year; it really does add up. Fuel Consumption Display (FCD) This is the gauge on the instrument panel of hybrids and many non-hybrids as well. Dedicated hypermilers call this the game gauge, and in many ways, thats just what it is. This device continuously calculates a vehicles average fuel consumption expressed in MPG (or, in metric mode, kilometers/liter) and displays it to the driver who can then make a fantastic game of making the average FE go ever upwards. Instant Fuel Consumption Display (IFCD) The instant fuel consumption display is very similar to the FCD, except that it displays fuel usage, just as the name impliesinstantlyas it is used. The display changes moment by moment in response to sundry dynamic physical conditions: throttle off, light acceleration, heavy load, hard acceleration, coasting and cruising. This gauge, more than any other on a vehicle, hammers home the relationship between fuel economy and driving habits. Keeping the instant fuel consumption display relatively constant and even, with a high reading, will probably net more consistent (and easily attainable) FE than any trick or gadget outlined in this entire article.

International economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

International economics - Essay Example UK economy has experienced greater growth in the current century as compared to the last few decades of the twentieth century. However, the international trade scenario of UK does not seem promising with a consistent trade deficit although there has been growth in both export and import values. This is because the real value of imports remains far below than the real value of exports. The growth of service exports in developing countries has also affected UK economy as the nation has lost market for service exports in those countries especially China. In the backdrop of globalization no country can survive within the boundary of economics at national level. A country’s economy including industry, service sectors, employment and standard of living is dependant on the association with its trading partners. This association is established with import and export of goods, services, labour, technologies and investments. It is not possible to create national economic policies without considering their effect on the economies of other countries. With a number of factors like the formation of the European Union in the 1950s, the growth of multinational companies in the 1960s, the growing market strength of the oil producing countries, and introduction of euro in the beginning of twenty first century have all paved the way for interdependence of countries worldwide and evolution of a global economy (Carbaugh, 2010, p.1). In the world of business in the current century, business is the key factor in the relationships between differe nt countries. Today any business enterprise even the small and emerging ones consider every nook of the world as market for its products and services, and no business confines its activities within the national boundaries. In many companies, the annual sales level exceeds the gross national product (GNP) of some

Discuss using named examples, the use of and applicability of Essay

Discuss using named examples, the use of and applicability of bio-indicator organisms in the environmental assessment of fres - Essay Example According to Durranti, a bio- indicator is defined as a plant or animal species whose presence or absence gives information on the state of a given environment (Chu, Chanb and Chow 2005). The Use and Applicability of Various Bio-Indicator Organisms in the Environmental Assessment of Freshwater and Marine Systems There exist several bio-indicators that have been applied to measure the health status of freshwater and marine environments. To begin with, Chin argues that by identifying the kind of animal species present in a given water body, biologists are able to analyze the quality of water in that water body (Chin 2006). For instance, the presence of many carnivore fish species might suggest a higher quality of water compared to a water body dominated primarily by omnivores. A healthy water body supports life for many micro-organisms that are predated upon by the carnivore fish. For many years, fish have been used to indicate the quality of water bodies. This has been accomplished th rough determining the kind of fish that live in a given water body, measuring alterations in fish species composition and species proportion (Jackson 2001). Changes in fish length and tropic level can as well be used in determining the health of aquatic environment. ... From the experiment, it was established that samples from the lake had a high number of comets and mainly in second and third classes. Thus the results suggested that Lake Igapo is an aquatic environment that was characterized by a high level of genotoxicity and other pollutants. In Izmir Bay of Mediterranean (in Western Turkey), fish are used to determine the level of water pollution in the sea (Gonenc 1999). Izmir is an industrial and commercial centre. The presence of metals such as lead and zinc in freshwater and marine environments can be indirectly measured using inorganic acids, such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid (Turner and Tessier1995). These acids are applied on intestinal specimens of different fish species. If the above metals are present, the acids react with the specimens to form oxides. Bonnan notes that some aquatic pollutants might remain active for many years and through several generations. Examples include mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds (Farris, J. et al 1993). Genotoxicity biomarkers can be applied in sentry organisms to enhance the identification and assessment of mutagenic hazards and their sources. One of the most suitable methods of identifying the response of organisms to such contaminants is by use of micronucleus (MN) test. This can be used as an index of the total genetic damage of cells during the lifespan of an organism. Fish and bivalves have been the main target for such experiments. Gill and haemocyte cells are the commonly used tissues. Due to rising carbon dioxide concentration s in the 21 century, the acidity of sea water has increased as well. Consequently, global temperatures have been driven up, including

Essay --

What is Prison? What is Rehab? A prison or jail is a facility in which individuals are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the state’s form of discipline. The use of prisons is as part of a criminal justice system, that charge individuals of convicted of crimes and are confined to a jail or prison. â€Å"Drug rehabilitation is a term for the processes of medical treatment, for dependency on substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cocaine, heroin or amphetamines† (Russel). . The reason for the rehab is to allow the patient to delete substance abuse out of their lives, so they can avoid the legal, physical consequences, social financial that can cause major problems. Treatment provides counseling by experts and sharing of experience with other addicts and, also, medication for depression or other disorders. There are also rehab centers that contain meditation and spiritual wisdom in the treatment process. â€Å"Drug possession is the crime of havi ng one or more illegal drugs in one's possession, either for personal use, distribution, sale or otherwise† (Trejo). Illegal drugs break into brackets. A sentence varies; they can rely on the quantity, the kind of drug, the circumstances, and the jurisdiction. Those convicted on drug possession charges face a wide gamut of penalties at the sentencing, varying from state to state. Penalties for simple possession range from a fine of less than $100 and/or a few days in jail to thousands of dollars and several years in state prison for the same offense. Straightforward drug possession sentences tend be prone to have less harsh penalties, while if caught distributing drugs or the cultivation/manufacturing of drugs carry much heavier penalties. Prosec... ...nce and send them to rehab or the decision of harsh punishment which is to send them to prison. Although I believe drug addicts should go to rehab instead of prison there are individuals who take advantage of rehab treatment, and would rather sit in jail. Consequently drug related criminals whether possession or trafficking take up a third of United States Correctional facilities, and it would make sense to allow those who want to get better to go to rehab instead of taking up space in the prisons. Various types of programs offer help in drug rehabilitation, including: residential treatment in-patient, out-patient, local support groups, extended care centers, recovery or sober houses, addiction counselling, mental health, orthomolecular medicine and medical care. Some rehab centers offer age- and gender-specific programs. These programs cannot be offered in prison.

Exam Study Sheet

ERP as a business concept resounds as a powerful internal information management nirvana: Everyone involved in sourcing, producing, and delivering the company's product works with the same information, which eliminates redundancies, reduces wasted time, and removes misinformation. Learning outcomes Buffet believes In focused Investing and believes that all Investors should look at five features: 1 . The certainty with which the long-term economic characteristics of the business can be evaluated 2.The certainty with which management can be evaluated, both as to Its ability to realize the full potential of the business and to wisely employ Its cash flows 3. The certainty with which management can be counted on to channel the reward from the business to the shareholders rather than to Itself 4. The purchase price of the business the degree by which an investor's purchasing-power return is reduced from his gross return Innovation finding new six best practices of innovation: Find your re levant edgeAssemble innovation hothouses Reward risk takers Celebrate diversity Look around Mix practitioners and developers Social entrepreneurship â€Å"going green† Social Responsibility implies that an organization has a responsibility to society. Corporate Policy reflects the position a company takes on social and political issues. Sustainable or â€Å"Green† describes systems that minimize damage to the environment. Energy consumption Breakdown of Power Usage in The Typical Data Centre For convenience and to allow for automatic updates and backup, the majority of computer equipment is never completely shut down.It draws energy 24 hours a day. Percentage lighting/humidifier power distribution units air conditioners Ups IT equipment Chiller E waste State – Refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices Sustainable IT disposal – Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle Electronic Product Stewardship Canada (P EPS) – an industry association that educates and encourages e-waste control Recent International laws restrict the use of hazardous materials.Moor's Law has made technological devices smaller, cheaper, and faster, allowing more people from all income levels to purchase computing equipment. This increased demand is causing numerous environmental issues. State refers to drives, printer cartridges, cell phones, pods, external hard drives, TV's, Vicars, DVD players, microwaves, and so on. Greener IT four ways to save energy in a data center use outdoor air for cooling, cool high density areas, use low power processors, incorporate cooling solutions, use server power management, buy high efficiency power supplies, use overpopulation to consolidate servers.Organizational social networking three types of social networking an organization can implement: Passive search Boomerangs Marketing networks Passive Search?Finding people for new Jobs who are happy and productive where they thro ugh business networking sites. Boomerangs?Former employees returning to old Jobs. Marketing Networks?Using business networks for marketing and events It's a whole new world Virtual World?An Internet resource which presents a AD virtual community.Virtual Organizations- interactive web presence for businesses and their customers. Virtual Workforce?working from home†¦ Or anywhere via the Internet. Tools for virtual workforce Mobile commerce (m-commerce)?ability to purchase goods and services through a mobile device. Telemetric?The blending of wired and wireless technologies for efficient electronic communication. Electronic tagging?the use of RIFF (radio frequency identification) and other systems to identify and tracking digital assets. 4. Enterprise resource planning ERP Failures Blaming ERP for the â€Å"pickle† that many a company who has implemented ERP find themselves in is like blaming the CAD package for a poorly architect building. Like just about everything else, IT-enabling business processes is about using the right tools for the right reasons and executing. Enterprise resource planning – integrates all departments and functions hat employees can make enterprise-wide decisions by viewing enterprise-wide information on all business operations.ERP powerful organization tools Solution to incompatible applications. Addresses the need for global information sharing. Avoids the expense of fixing legacy systems. Legacy Systems?are older computer technology still in use. Functional Systems? serve single business departments or units. Legacy systems exist in personal computing as well as business Enterprise resource planning system Core data – employees, orders, customers, sales, inventory 0 ERP- Global sales report,Global manufacturing report, global shipping report Enterprise resource planning – ERP Integration Data Flow At the heart of all ERP systems is a database; when a user enters or updates information in one module, it is immediately and automatically updated throughout the entire system â€Å"Data† (centre) – purchasing, accounting and finance, manual resources, inventory, manufacturing, marketing and sales Why do organizations need integrations, if an ERP system contains one database that connects all applications together?Most organizations operate functional â€Å"silos†, and each department happily has its own systems A company might purchase an ERP and then all of the functional silos would be on one system; however, this doesn't happen very often in the real world ERP automates business processes such as order fulfillment?taking an order from a customer, shipping the purchase, and then billing for it.With an ERP system, when a customer service representative takes an order from a customer, he or she has all the data necessary to complete the order. When one department finishes with the order, it is automatically routed via the ERP system to the next department. To find out here the order is at any point, a user needs only to log in to the ERP system and track the order.ERP systems automate business processes, for example, order fulfillment When a Customer Service Representative (CARS) takes an order from a customer, he or she has all the information necessary to complete the order (the customer's credit rating and order history, the company's inventory levels, and the delivery schedule) ERP process flow Data†centre† sales/quote/order warehouse pack/ship receiving returns accounting/billing/payment The organization before ERP Multiple functional systems provide support for the unique needs of each department but cannot be integrated across the enterprise document management, workflow, ERP †¦ Etc The organization after ERP – A central processing needs of each functional unit while having data sharing across the enterprise. Core and extended ERP components The evolution of ERP ERP – material planning, order entry, dist ribution, general ledger, accounting, shop floor control Extended ERP – scheduling, forecasting, capacity planning, commerce, warehousing, logistics ERP -II – project management, knowledge management, workflow management, customer relationship', human resource, portal capabilityCore ERP components – traditional components included in most ERP systems and they primarily focus on internal operations Extended ERP components – extra components that meet the organizational needs not covered by the core components and primarily focus on external operations Core and extended ERP components Three most common core ERP components 1 . Accounting and finance 2. Production and materials management 3.Human resource Accounting and finance ERP component – manages accounting data and financial processes within the enterprise with functions such as general ledger, accounts payable, accounts receivable, budgeting, and asset management Dudley Harley-Davidson Canada (D DCD), the exclusive Canadian distributor of Harley- Davidson motorcycles, has improved inventory, turnaround time, margins, and customer satisfaction?all with the implementation of a financial ERP system Production and materials management ERP component – handles the various aspects of production planning and execution such as demand forecasting, production scheduling, Job cost accounting, and quality control Production and materials management ERP components This figure displays the typical ERP production planning process. The process begins with forecasting sales in order to plan operations. A detailed production schedule is developed if the product is produced, and a materials requirement plan is completed in the product is purchased. Sales forecasting 0 operations planning 0 detailed scheduling/production, 0 materials requirement planning, purchasing Human resource ERP component – tracks employee information including payroll, legal requirements of multiple Jurisdi ctions and tax authorities Extended ERP components include: Business intelligence Customer relationship management Supply chain managementE-business Business intelligence – describes information that people use to support their decision-making efforts Customer relationship management – involves managing all aspects of a customer's relationships with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organization's profitability Supply chain management – involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability E-business – means conducting business on the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also Irving customers and collaborating with business partners Primary Users and Business Benefits of Enterprise Applications Enterprise application – CRM, SCM, ERP Examples parenting/CSS, customers, accosting finance logistics Integration Middlewar e – Several different types of software that sit between and provide connectivity for two or more software applications The connected corporation Enterprise application integration middleware – Takes a new approach to middleware by packaging commonly used applications together, reducing the time needed to integrate applications from multiple vendorsMeasuring ERP Success with the Balanced Scorecard The Four Primary Perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard Vision and strategy – financial, internal business process, customer, learning and growing Balanced Scorecard is a measurement system whose objective is to clarify the company's vision and strategy and translate them into actions. It starts with the customer†¦ Customer?†To achieve our vision, how should we appear to our customer. Financial -â€Å"To succeed financially, how should we be appearing to our shareholders? † Internal Business Process?†To satisfy our shareholders and customers, wh at business processes must we excel at? † Learning and Growing?†To achieve our vision, how will we sustain our ability to change and improve? † Successful ERP projects share 3 attributes 1. Overall fit Off the rack Off the rack and tailored to fit Custom made 2.Proper business analysis Successful companies spend up to 10 percent of the project budget on a business analysis 3. Solid implementation plans A plan is needed to monitor the quality, objectives, and timeliness Overall fit This refers to the degree of gaps that exist between the system and the business process. A well-fitting ERP has no major process gaps and very few minor ones Proper business analysis The best way to determine which fit strategy is right is to conduct a thorough business analysis. Successful companies normally spend up to 10 percent of the project budget on a business analysis. Chapter 5 Operations Management and Supply Chain Management SECTION 5. – OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT â€Å"ove r view† Operations Management Fundamentals MM in Business Information Systems' Role in MM SECTION 5. 2 – SUPPLY CHAIN FUNDAMENTALS Supply Chain Fundamentals Information Systems' Role in the Supply Chain Supply Chain Management Success Factors Future Supply Chain Trends Operations management foundations Production management describes all the activities managers do to help companies create goods. Operations management (MM) is the management of systems or processes that convert or transform resources (including human resources) into goods and services. A transformation process is often referred to as the technical core, especially in manufacturing organizations, and is the actual conversion of inputs to outputs.Operations management fundamentals Operations Involves the Conversion of Inputs into Outputs Example of Inputs, Transformation, and Outputs MM in business Typical MM activities include: Forecasting Capacity planning Scheduling Managing inventory Assuring quality Mo tivating and training employees Locating facilities Forecasting: Estimating demand for a product/service Capacity Planning: Determining the amount of space, equipment and throughput is needed to achieve the production targets. Scheduling: Determining when the production will occur. Managing inventory: Ensuring raw materials will be available on time and in place and that work in progress and finished goods have storage.Assuring quality: Ensuring standards are met through sampling inputs, in process work and outputs. Motivating and training employees: Appropriate pay, benefits, scheduling, and direction, supervision and instructions. Locating Facilities: Determining where to put production facilities and the cost effectiveness of near major markets or away from markets and close to transportation routes. Hierarchy of operational planning IS support for operations strategy depends on IS support for operations strategy depends on: Level of available technology. Skill level of workers. Degree of vertical integration, to what degree the suppliers are owned (or partnered) with the company. Extent to which outside suppliers are used.SUB Strategic Business Unit?is a stand-alone business under a corporate umbrella Strategic Planning?are the collection of decisions focus in doing the right things over a longer period of time MR. Systems?use sales forecast to make sure parts and materials are available Global Inventory Management Systems (SIMS)?locate, track and predict materials and components by installing GAPS in transportation vehicles Operational Planning and Control (POP&C)?deals with day-to-day operations. Competitive MM strategy Five key competitive priorities that can add value for customers: 1 . Cost 2. Quality 3. Delivery 5. Service 1 . Cost?key determinant in a customer purchase decision 2. Quality?product quality should reflect the exact requirements of a customer Process quality ensures a consistent error-free quality level.Several international quality met hodologies exist including Six Sigma Quality, SISSIES, IS014000, TTS, COMIC. An assignment for students is for individual students or groups to research one of these methodologies to see when they started and by whom; what objective is achieved and how; what prominent companies use them today and why; and what the advantages as well as disadvantages there are. 3. Delivery?fast and reliable 4. Flexibility?offering a wide variety of products to customers. Offering a choice of environmentally friendly products and services. 5. Service?New products revert to being commodities quickly. Often the distinguishing factor is the service provided by the supplier. M and the supply chain Supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in the procurement of a product or raw material Supply chain management (SCM) involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total effectiveness and profitability. The four basic components of Supply chain management (SCM) are: Supply chain strategy Supply chain partners Supply chain operation Supply chain logistics Supply Chain Strategy. A company must have a plan for managing all the resources that go toward meeting customer demand for products or services. Supply Chain Partners – Companies chosen to deliver finished products, raw materials and services.Supply Chain Operations -Scheduling production activities, including jesting, packaging, and preparing for delivery. Supply Chain Logistics?product delivery process and elements including orders, warehouses, carriers, defective product returns and invoicing. A typical manufacturing supply chain: Supplier, storage, manufacturing, storage (finished goods), distribution, retailer, customer A typical service supply chain: Supplier, storage, service, customer SCM software can enable an organization to generate efficiencies within these steps different supply chain components. Impact of Efficient & Effective Supply Chain Management on Porter's Five ForcesEffective and efficient SCM systems can enable an organization to Decrease the power of its buyers Increase its own supplier power Increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute products or services Create entry barriers thereby reducing the threat of new entrants Increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership â€Å"Organizations supply chain† Supplier power + 5. 2 Supply Chain Fundamentals Supply chain fundamentals The supply chain has three main links: 1 . Materials flow from suppliers and their â€Å"upstream† suppliers at all levels 2. Transformation of materials into semi-finished and finished products through the organization's own production process 3.Distribution of products to customers and their â€Å"downstream† customers at all levels Collecting, analyzing, and distributing transactional information to all relevant parties, SCM systems help all the different ent ities in the supply chain work together more effectively SCM has significantly improved companies' forecasting abilities over the last few years A Typical Supply Chain for a Manufacturer Supplier/supplies 0 suppliers manufacturer (transformation)Ã'Ëœ distributor retailers customer customer's customer They need to determine all areas and potential threats that make the supply chain vulnerable. For example, An unusually bad season in Australia causes the eucalyptus harvest to fall short of expectation production levels, which causes the price to skyrocket The factory in Lit, Pennsylvania, is destroyed by a fire One of its transportation ships sinks A hurricane causes one of its transportation ships to be delayed The five basic supply chain management components Plan – This is the strategic portion of supply chain management. A company must

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1802 Words

Marijuana is a controversial issue which has come into questionable scrutiny in society today. Although defamatory accusations have been made against the miracle plant, the truths are gradually beginning emerge. The truth, unfortunately, has come under excessive scrutiny due to a bromidic view the public has on a perceived â€Å"pot smoker†. This misconception of a lethargic and apathetic America is the by-product of over seventy years of propaganda and deceitfulness spread by private interests who required the plant illegal for their own personal gains. Marijuana presents several positive benefits, such as hemp cultivation, that far outweigh the negative and for that reason action should be taken to legalize it and the first step is†¦show more content†¦From an industrial view, hemp contributes to many advantages over a great deal of resources that America currently employs. A frequent us for hemp is in the production of textile products. Hemp fibers are durable and strong which makes it ideal for the production of paper, rope, and fabric. Hemp produces a greater yield per acre than its competitor cotton. It has a cycle of growth of only a hundred days instead of cotton, which take a hundred-sixty. Seeds that hemp produces provide a higher amount of protein than soy, and according to U.S. Department of Agriculture, hemp can produce three times as much paper per acre of cannabis than trees do; another advantage is it can be harvested at a faster rate than trees (Wanlund). Reasonably, the most significant characteristic of hemp is its capability to produce a sizeable amount of the chemical cellulose. Cellulose, a compound that can be converted into a biofuel, can power everything that petrol currently does and is commonly being produced in the form of â€Å"energy crops;† mostly cotton and corn. Although we are producing cellulose through crops already, hemp holds the upper-hand because of its ability to be more quickly and frequently pro duced than cotton and has a higher yield by up to 400 percent more than what can be received from a corn stalk (Wanlund). In our current economic position, hemp could generate a large amount of revenue. The United States currently has to import its hempShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At